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Portugal updates cybercrime law to exempt security researchers

In Legal News
December 08, 2025

Good news for “white hat” researchers. Bleeping Computer reports:

Portugal has modified its cybercrime law to establish a legal safe harbor for good-faith security research and to make hacking non-punishable under certain strict conditions.

[…]

The key conditions that must be met to be safe from criminal liability are:

  1. The research must aim solely at identifying vulnerabilities not created by the researcher and at improving cybersecurity through disclosure.
  2. The researcher cannot seek or receive any economic benefit beyond normal professional compensation.
  3. The researcher must immediately report the vulnerability to the system owner, any relevant data controller, and the CNCS.
  4. The actions must be strictly limited to what is necessary to detect the vulnerability and must not disrupt services, alter or delete data, or cause harm.
  5. The research must not involve any unlawful processing of personal data under GDPR.
  6. The researcher must not use prohibited techniques such as DoS or DDoS attacks, social engineering, phishing, password theft, intentional data alteration, system damage, or malware deployment.
  7. Any data obtained during the research must remain confidential and be deleted within 10 days of the vulnerability being fixed.
  8. Acts performed with the system owner’s consent are also exempt from punishment, but any vulnerabilities found must still be reported to the CNCS.

Read more at Bleeping Computer.